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Table 2 Overview of the different commercialized and candidate West Nile vaccines.

From: Recent progress in West Nile virus diagnosis and vaccination

Name

Viral antigen(s)

State of development

Reference

West Nile-Innovator

(Pfizer)

RecombiTek (Merial)

Whole virus

WNV prM-E in

canarypox virus

Commercialized for horses

Commercialized for horses

[63]

West Nile-Innovator DNA

Plasmid DNA prM/E

Licensed for horses

[23]

PreveNile

(Intervet)

WNV prM-E in yellow fever backbone

Commercialized for horses

(recalled in 2010)

 

Vetera West Nile vaccine

(Boehringer Ingelheim)

Killed virus

Commercialized for horses

 

ChimeriVax

(Sanofi)

Yellow fever PrM-E substituted by WNV prM-E

Phase II human clinical trial

[5, 8]

WN-DEN4

WNV prM-E in dengue-4 backbone

Phase II human clinical trial

[72]

VRC303

(NIAID/Vical)

Plasmid encoding WNV prM and E

Phase I human clinical trial

[41]

STF2Δ.EIII

S. typhimurium flagellin fused to E domain III

Evaluated in mice

[55]

rWNV-ET

Truncated protein E

Evaluated in mice and horses

[19, 42]

SRIP

prM-E VLPs

Evaluated in mice and horses

[12]

RepliVAX WN

Single-cycle West Nile virus

Evaluated in mice [118], hamsters [119], non-human primates [120]

 
 

Plasmid encoding E domain III fused to P28

Evaluated in mice

[22]

DIII-C-AP205

E domain III coupled to bacteriophage AP205

Evaluated in mice

[87]

FLU-NA-DIII

E domain III inserted into NA of influenza

Evaluated in mice

[54]

CAdVax-WNVII

C, preM, E and NS1 expressed in adenovirus

Evaluated in mice

[81]