From: Leptospirosis in the western Indian Ocean islands: what is known so far?
Species | Geographic location | Sensitive(1)(S) or resistant(2)(R) | Main clinical signs | Asymptomatic chronic shedding | Economic significance | Existing data on leptospirosis in the Indian Ocean region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primates | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Humans | All islands | S (asymptomatic forms are frequent) | Fever, myalgias, headache, chills, oliguria/anuria, jaundice, conjunctive suffusions, aseptic meningitis, hemorrhages, skin rash, renal and hepatic failure, severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome | Yes | Medical costs, absence from work, mortality | |
Brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus) | Mayotte, Madagascar | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | [15] |
Crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) | Mauritius | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | No |
Mongoose lemur (Eulemur mongoz) | Comoros, Madagascar | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | No |
Rodents | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Black rat (Rattus rattus) | All islands | R | Absent | Yes | Cost of control (traps, poison, time) | |
Norway rat (R. norvegicus) | Reunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar | R | Absent | Yes | Cost of control (traps, poison, time) | |
Domestic mouse (Mus musculus) | All islands | R | Absent | Yes | Cost of control (traps, poison, time) | |
Terrestrial insectivores | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Shrew (Suncus murinus) | Mauritius, Reunion, Comoros, Madagascar | R | Absent | Yes | Cost of control (traps, poison, time) | |
Tenrec (Tenrec ecaudatus) | Reunion, Mayotte, Comoros, Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar | Nd | Nd | Not proved | Nd | |
Carnivores | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) | Mayotte, Madagascar | Nd | Nd | Nd | Nd | [37] |
Dog(Canis lupus familiaris) | All islands | R or S* | Fever, oliguria/anuria, jaundice, haemorrhages, renal and hepatic failure | Yes | Cost of control of the stray populations | |
Cat (Felis catus) | All islands | R or S* | Mild, non-specific signs | Yes | Cost of control of the stray populations | [17] |
Livestock | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cattle (Bos taurus) | All islands | R or S* | Reproductive failure | Yes | Poor reproductive results, abortion, neonatal morbidity | [17, 19, 20, 37, 39–41] Pasteur Institute (unpublished data) |
Goat (Capra hircus) | All islands | R or S* | Reproductive failure | Yes | Poor reproductive results, abortion, neonatal morbidity | |
Swine (Sus scrofa) | All islands | R or S* | Reproductive failure | Yes | Â | |
Rusa deer (Timorensis rusa) | Reunion, Mauritius | R or S* | Reproductive failure | Yes | Poor reproductive results, abortion, neonatal morbidity | [17] |
Equine | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Horse (Equus ferus) | All islands | R or S* | Acute form, reproductive failure, chronic uveitis | Nd | Cost of veterinary care, abortion, neonatal morbidity | |
Bats | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Free-tailed bat (Mormopterus francoismoutoui) | Reunion | Probably R | Nd | Yes | Nd | [17] |
Seychelles flying-fox (Pteropus seychellensis) | Mayotte, Comoros, Seychelles | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | |
Peters’s wrinkle-lipped bat (Mormopterus jugularis) | Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Madagascar free-tailed bat (Otomops madagascariensis) | Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Trouessart’s trident bat (Triaenops furculum)s | Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Trident bats (Triaenops menamena) | Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Glen’s long-fingered bat (Miniopterus gleni) | Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Miniopterus griffithsi | Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Miniopterus mahafaliensis | Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Malagasy mouse-eared bat (Myotis goudoti) | Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Comoro rousette (Rousettus obliviosus) | Comoros | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Western Seychelles Free-tailed bat (Chaerephon pusillus) | Mayotte, Comoros | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |
Miniopterus griveaudi | Comoros, Madagascar | Probably R | Nd | Nd | Nd | [42] |