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Table 1 Experimental groups: clinical/histopathology analyses and serology

From: The effect of the TLR9 ligand CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide on the protective immune response to alcelaphine herpesvirus-1-mediated malignant catarrhal fever in cattle

Group1

Days after challenge2

Pathology/histology3

Viral DNA4

NS ab5

NS ab

Plas ab6

Plas ab

    

Pre-chall

After chall

Pre-chall

After chall

Gp 1: Virus + Em

       

841

99

No MCF lesions

NDet

67

79

82

58

920

99

No MCF lesions

NDet

24

89

44

60

221

98

No MCF lesions

NDet

63

66

42

44

983

98

No MCF lesions

NDet

30

50

132

248

001

91

No MCF lesions

NDet

195

118

72

109

371

89

No MCF lesions

NDet

151

138

79

220

675

89

No MCF lesions

NDet

44

70

89

114

635

63

MCF Lesions: Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia

32.6

35

96

47

449

101

42

Mild MCF lesions: Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia

32.5

55

220

37

421

Gp 2: Virus + Em +CpG

       

105

98

No MCF lesions

NDet

72

118

89

149

106

98

No MCF lesions

NDet

40

66

116

198

706

97

No MCF lesions

NDet

85

66

75

73

679

96

No MCF lesions

NDet

29

17

81

128

236

91

No MCF lesions

NDet

9

24

64

214

162

90

No MCF lesions

NDet

64

97

133

218

663*

90

Mild MCF lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis

33.6

6

234

51

931

400678

41

Mild MCF lesions: Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Mild pneumonia

37.5

0

300

60

324

065

35

MCF Lesions: Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis in multiple tissues. Pneumonia

27

0

408

26

299

Gp 3: Virus + CpG

       

666

90

No MCF lesions

NDet

0

25

46

50

021

89

No MCF lesions

NDet

19

19

23

68

169

89

No MCF lesions

NDet

50

64

85

139

201027

65

Mild MCF lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia

27.6

0

40

0

0

273

36

MCF Lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia

26.2

0

0

0

220

Gp 4: Adjuvant

       

658

88

No MCF lesions

NDet

0

0

0

0

101027

60

Mild MCF lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation

30.3

0

0

0

0

249

36

Mild MCF lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis in the brain and liver only

NDet

0

90

0

104

925

36

MCF Lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia

24.7

2

74

0

0

986

27

MCF lesions: Lymphocytic vasculitis in multiple tissues. Pneumonia

30

0

15

0

81

  1. 1Em = emulsigen adjuvant, CpG = oligoCpG adjuvant.
  2. 2Time from challenge to euthanasia/post-mortem examination.
  3. 3Tissues in this analysis were: brain, lung, liver, kidney, prescapular lymph node, alimentary tract epithelium and mesenteric lymph node.
  4. 4Viral DNA was assayed in terminal blood samples by qPCR to give a specific and internally-controlled diagnostic test. Data are expressed as Ct values – the cycle number at which specific amplification was first detected. Moderate/severe MCF usually has values in the range 21–29. NDet = specific amplification of AlHV-1 DNA not detected (but control actin-specific PCR was detected). *This animal had histological evidence of infection.
  5. 5Nasal secretion antibody (NS ab) titres pre-challenge and after challenge with virus.
  6. 6Plasma antibody (Plas ab) titres pre-challenge and after challenge with virus.
  7. Animals in groups 1, 2 and 3 received the same dose of vaccine (1 mL of 107 TCID50 per mL) for both prime and boost, given intramuscularly and in groups 1 and 2 contained 20%(v/v) Emulsigen. Control animals in group 4 received virus-free culture medium with Emulsigen prepared and administered in the same way. Animals in all groups were challenged 23 weeks after boost with 10 mL of 103.8 TCID50/mL of virulent AlHV-1 given intranasally. For mild MCF lesions, Viral DNA in the tissues can be below detection level.