Phylodynamic reconstruction of O CATHAY topotype foot-and-mouth disease virus epidemics in the Philippines

Table 2 Genetic, time and geographical pairwise distances (with corresponding standard deviation values) calculated for the within-year Philippines O CATHAY FMDV isolates groups and for each of the country based data from the earliest samples collected within the specific group

Data	No of samples	Genetic distance	Time distance	Geo distance
Philippines
1994	7	0.010 ± 0.002	0.23 ± 0.05	-
1995	8	0.013 ± 0.006	0.63 ± 0.77	124.72 ± 95.81
1996	9	0.020 ± 0.004	0.10 ± 0.03	235.66 ± 252.21
1997	14	0.016 ± 0.013	0.38 ± 0.38	119.65 ± 117.12
1998	23	0.011 ± 0.009	-	51.62 ± 42.08
1999	5	0.011 ± 0.002	-	146.83 ± 222.79
2000	16	0.054 ± 0.021	0.16 ± 0.13	296.55 ± 130.74
2001	7	0.057 ± 0.008	-	14.22 ± 4.28
2003	8	0.051 ± 0.013	0.19 ± 0.08	344.45 ± 26.98
2004	12	0.010 ± 0.004	0.41 ± 0.23	322.32 ± 38.83
2005	3	0.005 ± 0.005	0.03 ± 0.01	12.48 ± 17.65
Global
China	6	0.148 ± 0.081	31.93 ± 19.15	-
Hong Kong	138	0.157 ± 0.022	32.95 ± 7.24	-
Philippines	112	0.047 ± 0.022	4.59 ± 3.50	-
Taiwan	46	0.015 ± 0.025	1.38 ± 3.01	-
Vietnam	13	0.104 ± 0.016	7.84 ± 1.65	-

Genetic distances were estimated by the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano substitution model plus gamma-distributed rates (HKY85 + Γ4), whereas geographic distance were calculated using the Haversine formula [38]. Genetic distance is expressed in base substitution per site, time distance is defined in years, whilst geographical distance is measured in kilometres.

ISSN: 1297-9716