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Table 1 Sample sizes examined using different diagnostic tests to screen for Plasmodium sp infections

From: Epidemiology and pathology of avian malaria in penguins undergoing rehabilitation in Brazil

Latitude

Study site (time period)

Blood smears+PCR

PCR

Blood smears

Histopathology

Total

13°00’S

Bahia (1999–2008)

7 (1)

-

7 (1)

-

8 (2)

13°00’S

Bahia (Jun2009-Dec2012)

21 (2)

-

-

-

21 (2)

20°20’S

Espírito Santo (1999–2008)

2

-

17 (1)

-

19 (1)

20°20’S

Espírito Santo (Sep2012)

86

-

111

-

197

20°20’S

Espírito Santo (Sep2012-Feb2013)

18 (2)

20 (1)

-

-

38 (3)

22°50’S

Rio de Janeiro (1999–2008)

6

1 (1)

5

1 (1)

13 (2)

22°50’S

Rio de Janeiro (Jan2009-Dec2012)

2

-

6

-

8

23°58’S

São Paulo (Aug2010-Sep2010)

1

11

-

-

12

27°36’S

Santa Catarina (Mar2009-Feb2013)

106 (19)

81 (8)

37 (2)

-

224 (29)

32°02’S

Rio Grande do Sul (1999–2008)

-

-

11

2 (2)

13 (2)

32°02’S

Rio Grande do Sul (Jan2009-Dec2012)

192 (3)

8

21

-

221 (3)

Total

Systematic sample collection

298 (22)

89 (8)

58 (2)

-

445 (32)

 

Opportunistic sample collection

143 (5)

32 (2)

151 (2)

3 (3)

329 (12)

 

Grand total

441 (27)

121 (10)

209 (4)

3 (3)

774 (44)

  1. Values within parenthesis indicate the number of positive samples. “†” indicates that sample collection was systematic, i.e. was not conducted in a manner that could favor sick or healthy individuals. “‡” indicates samples collected upon admission to CRAM-FURG from penguins that had been rehabilitated at other facilities.