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Table 1 Results of the nasal shedding experiment

From: Susceptibility to and transmission of H5N1 and H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)

Day pi

H7N1 A/ostrich/Italy/2332/2000 (Os/H7N1)

H5N1 A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 (Tk/H5N1)

Nasal wash

Lungs/trachea

Nasal wash

Brain

Lungs

qRRT-PCR (Ct/SQ)

VI

HP

IHC

qRRT-PCR (Ct/SQ)

VI

qRRT-PCR (Ct/SQ)

VI

HP

3

-

-

npl

+ trachea

+ (25.08/1.16 × 108)

-

-

/

npl

-

/

npl

-

+ (21.14/3.70 × 109)

-

-

/

npl

+ (24.0/2.7 × 107)

-

Multifocal purulent and catarrhal bronchitis

+ lungs

+ (29.4/2.60 × 106)

-

-

/

npl

5

+ (22.5/7.9 × 107)

+

npl

-

-

/

-

/

Multifocal of PBP with lymphohistiocytic infiltrate

-

/

npl

-

-

/

-

/

Multifocal of PBP with lymphohistiocytic infiltrate

-

/

Multifocal alveolar haemorrhages

-

+ (33.18/9.40 × 104)

-

-

/

Multifocal of interstitial pneumonia

7

-

/

npl

-

-

/

+(33.49/7.17 × 104)a

-

Multifocal PBP

-

/

Multifocal PBP

-

-

/

-

/

npl

+ (34.19/1.89 × 104)

-

Multifocal PBP

-

-

/

-

-

npl

9

-

/

Diffuse congestion

-

+ (34.68/2.50 × 104)

-

-

-

Multifocal PBP

-

/

npl

-

+ (30.03/1.50 × 106)

-

-

/

npl

-

/

npl

-

-

/

-

/

npl

  1. Ct: quantification cycle; SQ: starting quantity (viral copies/μL); VI: virus isolation; HP: histopathological findings; IHC: immunohistochemical stain; −: negative; /: not performed; npl: no pathological lesions; PBP: pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia, abank vole with clinical signs.
  2. This Table shows the qRRT-PCR and virus isolation results of the nasal washes and brains collected from the voles intranasally infected with both HPAI strains at different time points of infection. The results of the histopathological findings and IHC examination of the lungs and trachea collected from the infected voles are also reported.