Figure 1From: Natural transmission of Leishmania infantum through experimentally infected Phlebotomus perniciosus highlights the virulence of Leishmania parasites circulating in the human visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Madrid, Spain Working scheme of animal infections. Hamsters were split into eight groups including a control group of non-infected animals (Group H1), groups of hamsters infected with JPCM5 strain either by infective sand fly bites or by IP inoculation (Groups H2-H4) and hamsters infected with L. infantum isolates from the Madrid outbreak either by infective sand fly bites or by IP inoculation (Groups H5-H8).Back to article page