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Table 1 Effects and dosages of chemicals used in this study

From: Porcine sapovirus Cowden strain enters LLC-PK cells via clathrin- and cholesterol-dependent endocytosis with the requirement of dynamin II

Chemicals

Effects

Dosages

Solvent

LLC-PK cells

Caco-2 cells

MA104 cells

Chlorpromazine

Inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis

1 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM

1 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM

1 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM

DW

Methyl-ß-cyclodextrin

Depletes cholesterol

1 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM

0.5 mM, 1 mM, 5 mM

1 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM

DW

Soluble cholesterol

Replenish cholesterol

10 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM

10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM

10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM

DW

Nystatin

Inhibits caveolae-mediated endocytosis, sequesters cholesterol

1 μM, 10 μM, 25 μM

1 μM, 10 μM, 25 μM

1 μM, 25 μM, 50 μM

DMSO

Dynasore

Inhibits dynamin

1 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM

1 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM

1 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM

DMSO

Chloroquine

Inhibits acidification of endosomes

1 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM

–

–

DW

Cytochalasin D

Disrupts actin cytoskeleton

0.5 μM, 1 μM, 5 μM

–

–

DMSO

Nocodazole

Disrupts microtubules

1 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM

–

–

DMSO

Amiloride

Inhibits macropinocytosis

1 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM

–

–

DMSO

  1. DW, distilled water; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.