Figure 1

Effect of orally fed BLS-mix on TLR4- and NOD-mediated inflammatory responses in the small intestine. The relative expression of mRNAs for genes encoding A TLR4, B NOD1, C NOD2, E iNOS, and F IL-8 in both jejunal and ileal tissues collected from the indicated pigs 1 week after F4⁺ ETEC/VTEC/EPEC challenge was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. D Western blot analysis of IκBα expression in jejunal tissues collected from the indicated pigs 1 week after F4⁺ ETEC/VTEC/EPEC challenge. Representative IκBα expression in jejunal tissues collected from 2 pigs of each group is shown (left panel). Results are presented as the ratio of IκBα band intensity to the intensity of the β-actin band (right panel). Data are expressed in arbitrary units (A.U.) as the mean ± SEM for each tissue (n = 8 per group). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.