From: African and classical swine fever: similarities, differences and epidemiological consequences
 | ASF | CSF | Both diseases |
---|---|---|---|
Virus | Â | ||
 Virus taxonomy and morphology | Large DNA virus | Small RNA virus |  |
 Clinical signs and pathology |  | Among others high fever, appetite loss, lethargy, erythema, petechiae | |
 Immune response and vaccination | Lack of neutralizing antibodies, no or insufficient cross-protection among strains, protection linked to cytotoxic T-cell responses No vaccination available | Existence of neutralizing antibodies, cross-protection among genotypes, safe and efficacious vaccines available |  |
Epidemiology | Â | ||
 Transmission and contagiosity |  | Direct and indirect transmission | |
Most effective with blood contact, no evidence for intrauterine transmission | Virus shedding with all se- and excretions, intrauterine transmission and resulting persistent infection of fetuses possible | Â | |
 Vectors and carriers |  | Wild boar important reservoir | |
Transmission through ticks possible | No transmission through arthropods or rodents described | Â | |
 Tenacity |  | Long infectivity in cold environmental temperatures | |
History and today’s distribution | For long time only endemic in Africa and Sardinia since 2007 present in Europe | Long-term epidemics in wild boar over the last decades, sporadic occurrence in domestic pigs; currently no outbreaks in domestic pigs, no cases reported in wild boar |  |
Prevention and control measures | No vaccination | Effective vaccination | Â |
 | High biosecurity, no swill feeding, no contact between domestic pigs and wild boar |