The antibody response in the bovine mammary gland is influenced by the adjuvant and the site of subcutaneous vaccination

Table 1 Differences in least square means (Log ₂ ) of α-toxin specific antibody isotype titers and neutralization titers in milk and serum

Effect	Adjuvant	Site	Time	# Adjuvant^a	# Site^a	# Time^a	Estimate	Lower^b	Upper^b	p value	Sample	Titer
Adjuvant	Alum–Saponin–Oil	–	–	Alum–Saponin	–	–	+1.6	+0.7	+2.5	0.0012	Milk	IgG2
Adjuvant	Alum–Saponin–Oil	–	–	Alum–Oil	–	–	+1.5	+0.9	+2.1	< 0.0001	Serum	IgG2
Adjuvant × time	Alum–Saponin–Oil	–	Prime	Alum–Saponin–Oil	–	Boost	−2.3	−3.1	−1.5	< 0.0001	Milk	IgG1
							−2.0	−2.3	−1.7	< 0.0001	Serum	IgA
							−1.8	−2.3	−1.3	< 0.0001	Serum	IgG1
		–	Boost	Alum–Saponin	–	Boost	+2.6	+1.9	+3.4	< 0.0001	Serum	IgG1
							+2.5	+1.4	+3.5	< 0.0001	Milk	IgG1
							+1.9	+1.3	+2.6	< 0.0001	Serum	IgA
							+1.6	+0.7	+2.5	0.0011	Milk	IgA
		–	Boost	Alum–Oil	–	Boost	+1.8	+1.0	+2.6	< 0.0001	Serum	IgG1
Adjuvant × site	Alum–Saponin–Oil	Udder	–	Alum–Saponin	Udder	–	+2.6	+1.4	+3.8	< 0.0001	Milk	IgG1
	Alum–Saponin–Oil	Udder	–	Alum–Oil	Udder	–	+1.9	+0.6	+3.3	0.0069	Milk	IgG1
	Alum–Oil	Neck	–	Alum–Saponin	Neck	–	+2.1	+0.9	+3.2	0.0009	Milk	IgG1
	Alum–Oil	Udder	–	Alum–Oil	Neck	–	−2.1	−3.4	−0.9	0.0014	Milk	IgG1
Site × time	–	Neck	Prime	–	Neck	Boost	−2.0	−2.4	−1.6	< 0.0001	Milk	IgG2
							−1.9	−2.6	−1.3	< 0.0001	Milk	IgG1
							−1.8	−2.2	−1.4	< 0.0001	Milk	NT

This table lists only statistically significant comparisons with an effect size of at least 1.5 Log₂.
NT: neutralization titer.
^a# compared to.
^bConfidence interval (95%).

ISSN: 1297-9716