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Table 1 Summary of early infection dynamics in heifers and foetuses from G-Control, G-NcSpain7 and G-NcSpain1H

From: Early Neospora caninum infection dynamics in cattle after inoculation at mid-gestation with high (Nc-Spain7)- or low (Nc-Spain1H)-virulence isolates

Culling date

Inoculum

Ear tag

Pregnancy outcome

Placenta

Foetus

N. caninum-specific IgG levels in dams

Histopathology

DNA detection

Histopathology

DNA detection

N. caninum-specific IgG

10 dpi

PBS

5702

L

PA*

No

No

1334

L

PA*

No

No

6676

L

PA*

No

No

Nc-Spain7

1600

L

PA**

No

No

9665

L

FN*, PA**

CA++, CO+

Li+

No

No

5850

L

PA**

No

No

9661

L

PA**

Li++

No

No

Nc-Spain1H

9131

L

PA**

No

No

3712

L

PA**

No

No

5925

L

PA**

No

No

9671

L

PA**

No

No

20 dpi

PBS

3710

L

PA*

No

No

6671

L

PA*

No

No

6377

L

PA*

No

No

Nc-Spain7

3581

D

FN***, PA***

CA+++, CO+++

Li**, Lu**, H, Sk, CNS

CNS++

No

Yes (13 dpi)

7934

D

FN**, PA***

CA+++, CO+++

Li**, Lu***, H, Sk, CNS

CNS++, Li+++

No

Yes (9 dpi)

7992

L

FN**, PA***

CA+++, CO+++

Li*, Lu*, H, Sk, CNS

CNS++

No

Yes (13 dpi)

4405

L

FN**, PA***

CA+++, CO+++

Li*, Lu*, H, Sk, CNS

CNS+++

No

Yes (13 dpi)

5082

L

FN***, PA***

CA+++, CO+++

Li*, Lu*, H, Sk, CNS

CNS+++

No

Yes (16 dpi)

Nc-Spain1H

7725

L

PA**

No

No

9677

L

PA**

No

Yes (13 dpi)

7649

L

PA**

No

Yes (16 dpi)

9638

L

PA**

CA+, CO ++

No

Yes (16 dpi)

3894

L

PA**

No

No

  1. PA*, **, *** (protein accumulation): arbitrary degree of accumulation of sera (eosinophilic) and cellular debris at the haemophagus subchondral area of the placentome.
  2. FN*, **, *** (focal necrosis): arbitrary degree of focal necrosis with inflammatory infiltrate in the interdigitate zone of the placentome.
  3. Li*, ** (liver): perivascular aggregation of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells and mild multifocal necrotic foci.
  4. Lu*, **, *** (lung): aggregation of mononuclear cells in the parenchyma, perivascular mononuclear inflammation and mild multifocal necrosis.
  5. CNS: CNS autolytic, evaluation of lesions was not possible.
  6. CA/CO+, ++, +++ (caruncle/cotyledon): 1–3 positive samples, 4–6 positive samples or 7–9 positive samples.
  7. Li/CNS+, ++, +++ (liver/central nervous system): 1, 2 or 3 positive samples.
  8. −: negative/no lesion.
  9. L: live foetus, D: dead foetus, Sk: skeletal muscle, H: heart, CNS: central nervous system.