Figure 4

NCP BVDV induces complete mitophagy. A Western blot analysis of VDAC1, MFN2, p62 and LC3-II expression in NCP BVDV-infected (MOI = 5) cells in the presence or absence of CQ at 48 hpi. B IFA analysis of mRFP-EGFP-LC3 in NCP BVDV-infected (MOI = 5) cells or Rapamycin-treated (100 nM) cells at 48 hpi. (Scale bar = 10 μm). C IFA analysis of the recruitment of mt-Keima to mitochondria in NCP BVDV-infected (MOI = 5) cells at 48 hpi or CCCP-treated cells at 12 hpi. (Scale bar = 10 μm). D MDBK cells were infected with NCP BVDV (MOI = 5) in the presence or absence of CQ, and qRT-PCR assays were performed to determine the viral replication at 48 hpi. E MDBK cells were infected with NCP BVDV (MOI = 5) in the presence or absence of 3-MA, and qRT-PCR was performed to determine the viral replication at 48 hpi. Data are given as means ± standard deviation (SD) from three independent experiments. P values were calculated using the Student t test. An asterisk indicates a comparison with the indicated control. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ns: not significant.